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Tonto National Monument lies within the Arizona Upland division of the Sonoran Desert. At the desert�s northeastern edge and farthest range for frost sensitive plants, the monument also lies within the Basin and Range geologic province. Low basins edged by long narrow mountain ranges characterize this province. Beyond the Sierra Ancha range to the north of the monument, is the Mogollon Rim, the southern boundary of the Colorado Plateau. These physical barriers block, direct, or confine any moisture to the desert.