The experimental group participated in a 24-month strength-training program at home. A 5-day instructional period was used to familiarize participants with the strength exercises using elastic bands and dumbbells. Participants were instructed to exercise 2 days each week. Training sessions consisted of two sets of 8 to 12 repetitions at 50% to 70% of the one-repetition maximum. They were also encouraged to take part in other physical activities such as walking, cycling, skiing, and swimming 2 to 3 days per week. The control group performed stretching exercises twice weekly and maintained other physical activities.

The Valpar 9 Whole Body Range of Motion Work Sample was used to assess functional capacity by standing, crouching, and reaching.