The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to facilitate exploratory research on psychosocial/behavioral treatments and innovative services research for autism spectrum disorders, including the development of instruments to evaluate the impact of interventions on core features of autism spectrum disorders, and comorbid symptomatology. It is intended to encourage research on: 1) the development and/or pilot testing of new or adapted interventions or instruments, 2) pilot testing novel interventions in preparation for larger efficacy trials, or 3) innovative services research directions that require preliminary testing or development, as well as to facilitate the program goal of enhancing autism research through the broad availability of data and resource infrastructure to further scientific advancement and public health benefits.