Two walking groups were formed of 14 older adults (9 women, 5 men; 55-70 years) who were diagnosed with Down syndrome and mild ID, lived in a foster home in Israel, and had a history of vascular disease. Group A1 (n = 8, 55%) had no symptoms of IC and group A2 (n=6; 45%) had symptoms of IC. Group B, the control group was composed of 9 women and 3 men (mean age = 62 +/- 2.8 years) who presented with similar health and lifestyle characteristics, had mild ID and lived in the same foster home as the individuals in the walking groups.