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Results


The results were compiled using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. The main trend noted is that women with relapsing-remitting MS generally reported a greater frequency of health-promoting behaviors than their counterparts with a chronic progressive diagnosis. Also striking is that the items under the exercise and physical activity subscale were practiced, overall, far less than all the other subscales. In addition, it was on the exercise subscale that the only significant difference between groups was observed (P<.001). In other words, few women with MS exercise, especially those with chronic progressive MS. On the other hand, strength was shown in the interpersonal relationships subscale for both groups. Applying this information to an exercise context, it is possible that women with MS may thrive in a group exercise setting as opposed to individual sessions with a trainer. Already existing support or social groups for women with MS could prove a viable recruiting base to encourage exercise participation. With respect to time, statistically significant changes were noted from baseline to three years for the health, nutrition, and stress management subscales, but not for exercise and physical activity (P<.05).

Through analysis of the change in the Incapacity Status Scale (ISS) over time, the authors looked at the "tails" of the data for each group. Both groups had a significant time-by-group interaction (P<.05). For the relapsing-remitting group, those with scores one SD above the mean on the HPLP-II demonstrated a decrease in ISS reflecting a decrease in limitations. Those with scores at least one SD below the mean on the HPLP-II demonstrated an increase in ISS reflecting an increase in limitations. The findings for the chronic progressive group were very similar. The authors warn that causality cannot be assumed because the study was not an experimental design, but the suggestion that health-promoting behaviors attenuate loss in function is very encouraging and could be a strong motivational tool to encourage women with MS to practice such behaviors.


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