Flexibility training is important to maintain range of
motion in joints, as well as to prevent shoulder injuries
in persons who use wheelchairs or crutches.
Flexibility training also helps to prevent contractures
(permanently shortened muscles). Paralyzed muscles
should be stretched by a physical therapist, exercise
specialist, or by a trained assistant or family member.
Muscles that need to be stretched include the
hamstrings (the back of the thigh), adductors (inner
thigh), muscles that flex the hip, muscles that flex the
foot, and muscles that extend the back. Having the
individual lie on his/her stomach for rest periods can
also help stretch muscles of the hips and back of the
thighs.
Stretches for the muscles of the chest and front of the
shoulder are recommended especially for wheelchair
users, who tend to have a crouched posture.
Stretch the shoulders by grasping the elbow with the
arm overhead, and pulling back to stretch gently. You
can also stretch the front of the shoulder by placing
your hand on a wall, fingers pointed backwards with the
arm outstretched, and lean forward towards the wall.
Hold for one minute each side.
Stretching the calf muscles helps to decrease swelling,
especially if combined with leg massages.
Types of flexibility training are passive resistance,
Thera-band® elastic bands or tubings, standing in a
standing frame (if not medically contraindicated), yoga
and Pilates.
